The mission’s primary science goal is to characterise, for the first time, a dynamically-new comet or interstellar object, including its surface composition, shape, and structure, the composition of its gas coma. A unique, multi-point ‘snapshot’ measurement of the comet- solar wind interaction region is to be obtained, complementing single spacecraft observations made at other comets.
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Additional science will include multi-point studies of the solar wind pre- and post-encounter over gradually-changing separation distances.

The proposed instruments for the main and an accompanying spacecraft are the following:
Spacecraft A: (ESA)

• CoCa: Comet Camera - to obtain high resolution images of the comet's nucleus at several wavelengths. 
• MANIaC: Mass Analyzer for Neutrals in a Coma - a mass spectrometer to sample the gases released from the comet.
• MIRMIS: Multispectral InfraRed Molecular and Ices Sensor - to measure the heat radiation being released from the comet's nucleus and study the molecular composition of the gas coma.
• DFP : Dust, Field, and Plasma - to understand the charged gases, energetic neutral atoms, magnetic fields, and dust surrounding the comet.

Spacecraft B1: (JAXA)

• HI: Hydrogen Imager - UV camera devoted to studying the cloud of hydrogen gas surrounding the target
• PS: Plasma Suite - to study the charged gases and magnetic field around the target
• WAC: Wide Angle Camera - to take images of the nucleus around closest approach from an unique viewpoint

Spacecraft B2: (ESA)

• OPIC: Optical Imager for Comets - mapping of the nucleus and its dust jets at different visible and infrared wavelengths.
• EnVisS: Entire Visible Sky coma mapper  - to map the entire sky within the comet's head and near-tail, to reveal changing structures within the dust, neutral gas, and ionized gases.
• DFP : Dust, Field, and Plasma - a subset of DFP sensors on spacecraft A.